Locking device for remote control and other force transmitting systems



J. K. SIMPSON LOCKING DEVICE FOR REMOTE CONTROL AND Sept. 4, 1945.

OTHER FORGE TRANSMITTING SYSTEMS Filed July 17, 1944 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 2 M J m M J 7 Y O m w lm I E n u l y w x a WT W +13 \11 9 [I W. a E K y l llll l Iv 2 w Q r: v 41% f\. x M M 6 6 7. a0 4 0 2 a W! 4 4 7 6 3 7 M 3 20d 7.. /||ll I .l-lllll 2 m B "I I 5 +y A M 7 a m 6 Q 7. J 7 Z 2 H z Arm/sway Sept. 4, 1945. K. IM ON 2,384,201

LOCKING DE E R R TE CONTROL AND OTHER FORCE TRANS TING SYSTEMS Filed July 1944 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Sept. 4, 1945. J. K. SIMPSON LOCKING DEVICE FOR REMOTE CONTROL AND OTHER FORCE TRANSMITTING SYSTEMS Filed July 17, 1944 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Y W M m M 5 A M w J operate the valve.

Patented Sept. 4, 1945 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE LOCKING DEVICE FOR REMOTE CONTROL ANDOTHEBFOBCE John Keith Simpson,

TRANSMITTING SYS- Sm England,

a to Automotive Produetg Com III "I, Limited, Leamington Spa, England Applleation'lilly 17, 1944, Serial No. 545,358

In Great Britain February 12, 1943 4 7 Claims. (Cl. 74-469) system. For example, in a remote control system for operating control surfaces of an aircraft, it is important that the control surfaces should be supported suiilciently rigidly to prevent their setting from being changed by external forces such as those produced by drag or lift during the flight of the aircraft; despite this, however, the

control surfaces should be capable of being adjusted freely from one position to another through the medium of the appropriate controlling mech'anism, which is operated by the pilot.

Locking devices for the purpose above set out have been proposed, which comprise a cylinder rigidly mounted in the aircraft and having a plunger dividing its interior into two spaces, the

plunger being connected by a rod projecting from one end of the cylinder to the control surface or the like to be operated, and the controlling mech'anism being connected by a rod projecting from the other end of the cylinder to a valve device in the plunger, which valve controls the flow of liquid from one side to the other of the piston. The locking device thus forms an actual part of the force-transmitting mechanism between the pilots control and the control surface, and the controlling mechanism has a degree of lost motion with respect to the control surface, dependent on the movement required to It is customary to incorporate levers in the controlling mechanism which give a mechanical advantage, so that the load on the pilots control is only a fraction of any load acting to resist the movement of the control surface. If the locking device is placed between these levers and the control surface, which is preferable so as to relieve the controlling system of loading except during actual operation of the control surface, and to reduce as much as possible the additional effort required on the pilot's control due to friction in the locking device, the lost motion needed to open the valve is multiplied by the amount of mechanical advantage in the controlling system, and thus the lost motion at the pilots control is considerable. If, on the other hand, the locking device is placed between these levers and the pilot's control, the lost motion for opening the valve is not multiplied, but the necessary length of the cylinder of the looking device is multiplied by the degree of mechanical advantage in the system, the greater part of the controlling system is constantly under load, and the frictional resistance in the locking device is applied directly to the pilot's control.

The object of the present invention is to provide an arrangement whereby the locking device is of small dimensions, and is operable with only very slight lost motion of the pilot's control, or equivalent, and does not substantially increase the effort required to move the actuated member.

In an automatic locking device for a mechanical controlling system comprising an actuating member, an actuated member connected with the actuating member by a lost motion device, a locking device connecting the actuated member to a fixed anchorage, releasing means which move with the actuated member and are operated by the limited initial movement of the actuating member permitted by the lost motion device, the present invention is characterised by the fact that a movement increasing mechanism is interposed between the actuating member and the releasing means whereby a small initial movement of the actuating member permitted by the lost motion connection serves to move the releasing means by'an increased distance.

According to a further aspect of the invention an automatic hydraulic locking device is provided comprising an actuating member, an actuated member connected with the actuating member by a lost motion connection, a locking chamber which contains liquid and becomes reduced in volume as the actuated member is moved, and a valve device arranged tobe opened by the actuated member in taking up the lost motion, thus allowing liquid to escape from said locking chamber as the movement of the actuating member proceeds, characterised by the fact that a movement increasing mechanism is interposed between the actuating member and the valvedevice whereby a small initial movement of the actuating member permitted by the lost motion connection serves to open the valve by an increased distance.

Preferably a leverage mechanism is interposed between the locking means and the actuated member whereby a relatively large movement of said actuated member brings about only a small movement of that part of the locking mean connected with the actuated member. The locking means can comprise a cylinder, and a plunger slidable therein to form the locking chamber of variable volume. Conveniently the plunger of the locking device is connected to a main lever connected without lost motion to the actuated membenand the actuating member is connected to an auxiliary lever pivoted on the main lever and itself operatively connected to the valve of the locking device, the arrangement being such that on completion of the valve-opening movement the main and auxiliary levers move as one to transmit the operating force from the actuating member to the actuated member, the eifective length of the combined levers between the fulcrum of the main lever and the connection of the actuating member to the second lever, if desired, being greater than the distance between the fulcrum of the main lever and its connection to the plunger of the locking device. The arm of the auxiliary lever which operates the valve of the locking device is preferably longer than the arm which is coupled to the actuating member, so that the lost motion at the latter is less than that needed to open the valve.

The invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a part-sectional side elevation of one form of locking device;

Figure 2 is a fragmentary sectional end elevation taken on the line 2--2 of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a sectional plan taken on the line 33 of Figure 1;

Figure 4 is a diagrammatic sectional side elevation of a modified mechanism; and

Figure 5 is a fragmentary sectional plan taken on the line 5-5 of Figure 4.

In the automatic locking device shown in Figures 1 to 3 the actuating member is indicated at It and is in the form of a link connected with a handlever or other operating device (not shown) so as to be capable of transmitting both pushing and pulling forces to an actuated member I I. The latter is also in the form of a link and is connected at its distant end (not shown) with the aircraft flap, aileron, or other device required to be actuated. A locking device, indicated generally at I2, is interposed between the adjacent ends of the actuating member l0 and the actuated member ll for the purpose of preventing movement of the actuated member II by any externally applied force other than that received from the actuating member l0. Thus wind drag and other forces which might act upon the flap or aileron or equivalent are unable to affect the setting thereof, and yet said setting can be readily readjusted when required by movement of the actuating member ID.

The locking device I 2 is hydraulic and comprises a cylinder I3 closed at both ends as indicated at H and i5, and provided with a bore l6 containing a pair of freely slidable pistons l1 and I8. These are arranged back to back and are permanently connected together by a-pair of integral side members l9 and 22 (see Figure 2). Each piston is fitted with a packing cup 21 serving to prevent the escape of liquid past the piston from the adjacent working space 22 or 22 at the end parts of the cylinder bore l6. The front part of each piston is, however, formed with a number of oblique passages 24 communicating with an axial bore 25 or 26, these bores containing mushroom type valve members 21 and 22. Both valves are of identical construction and each has a head 29 adapted to seat upon an annular shoulder 26 under the action of a coiled compression spring 2|. Just below the head 29 the stem portion of each valve member 21 or 22 is reduced to form aa aapm an annular space 22, which is in permanent communication with the passages 24. Each valve member 21 and 22 is further provided with a longitudinal passage 22 extending completely through the head and communicating with a diametral passage 34 where the valve member pro-v iects from the back end of the piston l1 or l2. The springs 2| normally hold the valves 21 and 28 in their closed positions and thus cause the working spaces 22 and 22 each to be isolated from a space 25 between the pistons l1 and I2.

At its middle part the cylinder I2 is formed with an upward extension 26, which is bored transversely at 31 for the reception of a pair of end race members 26 and 29. These support in a freely rotatable manner, by means of two sets of balls 46 and 4|, a transverse spindle 42 which is tubular in form and is provided with a bifurcated depending arm, the two limbs of said arm being indicated at 42 and 44 in Figure 2. The arm 42, 44 fits snugly between the pistons l1 and I2 and causes said pistons to slide along the cylinder bore l6 as the arm moves angulariy. The spindle 42 has an externally splined axial projection 42 to which is fitted the lower end of a main lever 42, so that angular movement of said main lever is imparted to the spindle 42 and thence to the arm 42, 44. The upper end of the main lever 42 is pivotally connected at 41 with the actuated member ii and it is also formed with a projection 42 carrying a fulcrum pin 49 for an auxiliary bell crank lever. This comprises a pair of twin stampings 52 and 5| disposed one on each side of the main lever 46; the arms of the bell crank lever are indicated at 52 and 52. The arm 52 is considerably shorter than the arm 52 and is pivotally connected at 54 with the actuating member I. A pin 55 fits snugly in holes in the arms 52 and passes with substantial but prescribed clearance through a hole 56 in the main lever 46 so as to act as a lost motion device for limiting the permissible vertical movement of the arm 52 relative to the main lever 46. At its free end the arm 52 is pivotally connected at 51 with a rod-like link 52 having at its lower end a bifurcated fitting 59 inadjacent ends of the valve members 21 and 22.

The two ends of the cylinder [2 are provided with bleeder plugs 61 and 62 adapted in the usual manner for the removal of trapped air. The working liquid is inserted into the cylinder through the filling orifice 26a in the upward extension 36, liquid being fed thereinto with the bleed plugs 61 and 66 open, so that liquid completely fills the spaces 22, 22 and 25 within the cylinder, and extends upwards past the spindle 42 to the top of the filling orifice. A cylindrical protective cover 12, containing a flexible rubber sac 69 is then pushed into the filling orifice and secured in position by means of a union nut H, the liquid being thus placed under pressure.

The operation of the device shown in Figures 1 to 3 is as follows. Supposing that said device is to be installed in the mechanism for working the flaps of an aircraft, the cylinder I2 is securely fastened to the wing or fuselage of the aircraft by means of bolts passing through lugs 12. The actuated member I I is connected with the flap or flaps and the actuating member II is connected with the pilot's operating lever. It will therefore be seen that the main lever moves in common with the flap and the latter can only be moved by external forces so long as the main lever 40 is correspondingly movable. Normally, however, the springs II hold both of the valve members 21 and 20 in their closed positions, the valve operating arm ll being thereby centralised between the pistons I1 and I0 so that the latter are rendered immovable within the cylinder I0 due to the action of the working liquid which is trapped in the spaces 22 and 20. As the working liquid is incompressible it follows that the main lever 40 cannot move and therefore the flap is positively locked in position. In Figure 1 the main lever 46 is shown at the mid position of its available stroke, but it will be understood that the same locking action occurs at every position within said stroke. When the actuating member I0 is moved, however, say to the right, it moves the bell crank lever II, II slightly in a clockwise direction upon the main lever 40 as far as is permitted by the lost motion device 05, I0, the link 50 and arm 02 being moved downwardly so as to cause valve operating arm 00 to shift the valve member 21 to its open position. Therefore the piston II is able to move toward the left as liquid from the cylinder space 22 escapes through the passages 24 past the valve seating and through the longitudinal passage 23 into the intermediate space I Once the valve member 21 has been opened by taking up the lost motion in the de-' vice 55, 50, further movement of the actuating member I0 is imparted directly to the upper end of the main lever 40 through the fulcrum pin 49 and is consequently imparted to the actuated member II. During this movement liquid from the intermediate space 35 can flow relatively freely into the enlarging space 23 by way of the usual clearance between the piston I8 and the cylinder bore I 6, the packing cup 2I of the piston l0 serving as a one-way valve in the man-,

ner common to the piston packings of hydraulic master cylinders. The same action occurs when a movement of the flap in the opp site direction is required, tension being imparted to the actuating member I0. The initial part of the movement of the actuating member I0, in taking up the lost motion in the device 55, 56 lifts the link 80 and consequently opens the valve member 28, so that liquid is able to escape freely from the working space 23 as the main lever 46 moves in an anti-clockwise direction, carrying with it the actuated member II.

The arrangement shown in Figures 4 and shows the adaptation of the invention to a locking device of the form described in the specification of co-pending patent application Serial No. 374,137, filed January 11, 1941, and issued as Patent No. 2,365,247 on December 19, 1944. A flap or other controllable aerofoil is indicated in broken lines at 80 and is arranged to move angularly about a pivot 0|, a main lever 46a being rigidly attached to the acrofoil 80 for this purpose, For convenience in design this lever 46a is of twin construction, as will be seen in Figure 5. A link I0a, capable of pushing as well as pulling, constitutes the actuating member of the device, while the aerofoil 80 is, of course, the actuated member. The actuating member I0a is pivotally connected at 0 2 to the upper end of an auxiliary lever 00 which is conveniently of twin construction, although. owing to the sectional nature of Figure 4, only one lever 00 is shown therein. Approximately halfway along its length the lever 03 ismountedpivotallyupontheextremityofthe main lever a by means of a pin 04, while the lower end of said lever 03 is connected by a pivot pin 00 the upper end of a releasing lever 00, the pivot in 00 being entirely free from the main lever 40a. The releasing lever 00 is, however, pivotedto the main lever a by a pin 01, which is disposed only a short distance from the upper end of said releasing lever 00 so as to produce the desired movement ma nifying eflect for the releasing means. At its lower end the releasing lever 00 is enlarged to form an eye 00 fltting pivotally upon a bush ll of relatively large diameter. This tubular bush 00 is fitted snugly within the arms of a bifurcated member 00 upon a valve releasing rod II, while extending through said bush 00 with prescribed freedom to move regularly is a pin 02 reaching from one part to 'the other of the composite main lever a. Also pivotally connected to the pin 02 is a locking plunger 03 having a pair of lugs 04 each extending between the bush and one of the parts of the main lever a.

The locking device includes a hydraulic unit, which is indicated generally at and is of the form described in the above-mentioned patent application. It comprises briefly a cylinder 98, which is anchored at 01 to, say, the wing of the aircraft, and has annular end walls 90 and 90 through which a plunger Ill slides in a fluidtight manner, At its middle part the plunger III has a fluid-tight piston III dividing the interior of the cylinder 90 into two annular working spaces I02 and III. The plunger I00 is hollow and is constricted at its middle part by an inwardly directed flange I 04 of trapezoidal crosssection forming frusto-conical seatings for a pair of tubular valve members I05 and I00. space between the seating ends of these valve members is occupied by a head I0I formed upon the inner end of the releasing rod 9 I the arrangement being such that movement f said head I" in either direction away from its centralised position causes one or other of the valve members I05 or I08 to be unseated from the flange I04 against the action of springs I00, I09 or of springs IIO, III respectively. The outer parts of the valve members I05 and I06 have ports H2 and H3 respectively, which act in conjunction with annular valve members Ill and H5, these being normally held in their closed positions by the springs I09 and III. The working spaces I02 and I 03 are in permanent communication through' ports with the spaces surroundin the valve members I05 and I06 respectively, while the spaces H8 and II! within said valve members are both fed with working liquid from a reservoir space I20 at one end of the plunger III. A floating piston I2I acted upon by a spring I22 serves to maintain the liquid within the hydraulic unit at a slight pressure above atmospheric, so as to ensure that all the working spaces are kept full of liquid.

Normally the head I01 of the releasing rod SI is centralised by the valve members I05 and I06, and as both of these valve members are closed, it follows that the piston MI and plunger I00 are positively locked against movement, for liquid is unable to escape from either of the working spaces I02 or I03. 'As the lugs 94 of the plunger I 00 are snugly pivoted to the main lever a, it follows that the flap 80 or actuated member is The.

correspondingly locked in position. To raise the flap '0 the actuating member Ila is moved to the left; this deflects the lower end of the auxiliary lever 03 to the right and therefore causes the eye of the releasing lever 06 to be moved towards the left by a greater distance than the movement of the actuating member Illa owing to the leverage afforded by said releasing lever 08. Therefore a very slight movement of the actuating member We is sufllcient to cause the releasing rod 8| to press open the valve I05, thus enabling liquid to escape from the working space I02; through the ports I I6, past the seating of the valve member I05, through the constriction I04, through ports H3, and thence, by opening the annular valve II5, said liquid can flow through the ports III into the working space I03. This enables the plunger I00 to be moved to theleft so long as the valve I05 is held open, 1. e. so long as'theactuating member Ifla is correspondingly moved;

' as soon as the operating force is removed from the actuating member I0a, however, the head I01 becomes centralised, and the valve I05 closes so as to lock the plunger I00 in. its new position. The same action occurs when thrust is imparted to the actuating member Illa to lower the flap 00, the head III! in this instance causing the valve I06 to be opened.

The two arrangements described above are given by way of example only, and modifications can, of course, be made in the details of the mechanical linkage, or of the locking device itself.

What I claim'is:

1. An automatic hydraulic locking device comprising an actuating member, an actuated member, means including a lost motion connection connecting the actuating member to the actuated member, a locking chamber having liquid therein,

the volume of liquid in said chamber being reduced as the actuated member is moved, a valve device arranged to,be'-opened by the actuating member in taking up the lost motion, thus allowing liquid to escape from said locking chamber as the movement of the actuating proceeds, and a movement increasing mechanism including an auxiliary lever ccnnectingthe actuating member and the valve device whereby a small initial movement of the actuating member permitted by the lost motion connection serves to open the valve by an increased distance, a plunger in the locking chamber, a main lever connected to the actuated member and operatively connected to the plunger, said auxiliary lever being pivoted on the main lever and connected to the actuating member so that on completion of the valve-opening movement the main and auxiliary levers move as one to transmit the operating force from the actuating member to-the actuated member."

2. A locking device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the effective length of the combined levers between the fulcrum of the main lever and the connection of the actuating member to the auxiliary member is greater than the distance between the fulcrum of the main lever and its connection to the plunger.

3. A locking device as claimed in claim 1,

. wherein the length of the auxiliary lever from its pivot point to where the lever connects the valve device is longer than the length of the auxiliary lever from its pivot point to where the lever connects the actuating member, so that the lost motion at the latter is less than that needed to open the valve.

4. An automatic locking device for a mechani-' cal controlling system comprising an actuating member, an actuated member,-a lost motion device connecting the two members, a locking means comprising a pair of rigidly connected pistons each having a longitudinal passage and arranged back to back within a double-ended cylinder containing liquid, the locking meansconnecting the actuated member to a fixed anchorage, releasing means comprising a pair of valves, carried respectively by the pistons and each arranged to control the flow of liquid through the longitudinal passage of its corresponding piston, said releasing means being constructed and arranged to move with the actuated member and operated by the limited initial movement of the actuating member permitted by the lost motion device, and a movement increasing mechanism disposed between the actuating member and the releasing means whereby a small initial movement of the actuating member permitted by the lost motion connection serves to move the releasing means by serves to limit the relative movement of these two levers.

7. A locking device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the movement increasing mechanism comprises a releasing lever pivoted to the main lever at a position displaced from the fulcrum of the main lever and connecting the auxiliary lever with the valve device.

JOI-lN KEITH SIMPSON. 

